Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, and abbreviated at times to Coenzyme Q10, CoQ, or Q10 is a coenzyme that is ubiquitous in the bodies of most animals. It is a 1,4-benzoquinone, where Q refers to the quinone chemical group and 10 refers to the number of isoprenyl chemical subunits in its tail. This fat-soluble substance, which resembles a vitamin, is present in most eukaryotic cells, primarily in the mitochondria. It is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, which generates energy in the form of ATP. Ninety-five percent of the human body’s energy is generated this way. Therefore, those organs with the highest energy requirements-such as the heart, liver, and kidney-have the highest Coenzyme Q10 concentrations.( Okamoto, T; Matsuya, T; Fukunaga, Y; Kishi, T; Yamagami, T (1989). “Human serum ubiquinol-10 levels and relationship to serum lipids”. International journal for vitamin and nutrition research.
Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. There are three redox states of Coenzyme Q10: fully oxidized (ubiquinone), semiquinone (ubisemiquinone), and fully reduced (ubiquinol). The capacity of this molecule to act as a 2 electron carrier (moving between the quinone and quinol form) and 1 electron carrier (moving between the semiquinone and one of these other forms) is central to its role in the electron transport chain, and as radical-scavenging antioxidant. Coenzyme Q10 is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of any medical condition. It is sold as a dietary supplement. In the U.S., supplements are not regulated as drugs, but as foods. How it is manufactured is not regulated and different batches and brands may vary significantly.(White, J. (lead reviewer); National Cancer Institute (NCI) (14 May 2014). “PDQ® Coenzyme Q10”. NCI, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Amounts varied from “no detectable Coenzyme Q10”, to 75% of stated dose, and up to a 75% excess.
Generally, it is well tolerated. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, appetite suppression, and stomachache), rash, and headache. A 2014 Cochrane Collaboration meta-analysis found “no convincing evidence to support or refute” the use of Coenzyme Q10 for the treatment of heart failure. Evidence with respect to preventing heart disease in those who are otherwise healthy is also poor.(Madmani, M.E.; Yusuf Solaiman, A.; Tamr Agha, K.; Madmani, Y.; Shahrour, Y.; Essali, A.; Kadro, W. (2 June 2014). “Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure”. Heart Group. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (John Wiley & Sons) (6): Art. Another 2014 study of 420 patients in 17 patient centers over 7 years found that it “improves symptoms, and reduces major adverse cardiovascular events” after 106 weeks. A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that studies looking at the effects of Coenzyme Q10 on blood pressure were unreliable, and therefore no conclusions could be made regarding its effectiveness in lowering blood pressure.(Ho, MJ; Bellusci, A; Wright, JM (Oct 7, 2009). “Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension.”.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (4): CD007435. For more on Wholesale Coenzyme Q10 Manufacturer look into the site. Available evidence suggests that “Coenzyme Q10 is likely ineffective in moderately improving” the chorea associated with Huntington’s disease.(Armstrong, MJ; Miyasaki, JM (Aug 7, 2012). “Evidence-based guideline: pharmacologic treatment of chorea in Huntington disease: report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.”. Supplementation of Coenzyme Q10 has been found to have a beneficial effect on the condition of some sufferers of migraine. This is based on the theory that migraines are a mitochondrial disorder, and that mitochondrial dysfunction can be improved with Coenzyme Q10. The Canadian Headache Society guideline for migraine prophylaxis recommends, based on low-quality evidence, that 300 mg of Coenzyme Q10 be offered as a choice for prophylaxis.(Pringsheim T, Davenport W, Mackie G, et al. March 2012). “Canadian Headache Society guideline for migraine prophylaxis”. Can J Neurol Sci 39 (2 Suppl 2): S1-59. Coenzyme Q10 has been routinely used to treat muscle breakdown associated as a side effect of use of statin medications.